Process modelling can be understood as a set of business activities depicted by graphical conventions for showing the end-to-end chain of events for primary, support and management processes. A perspective from a processual point of view lets all stakeholders understand all components of the business process, as well as the parts that need to communicate with other areas of the organisation. BY modelling a process we can represent how business works in a thorough and accurate manner. The process can be modelled according to the level of details adquate for the intended stakeholder. A nontechnical staekholder will require a simpler representation of the business processes, while a higher level of details is necessary for a technical stakeholder, whose role in the company usually demands a more comprehensive reading of the process diagram.
The main use of process modelling is to identify all the business areas involved in an activity, in addition to visualising the steps needed to successfully accomplish said activity in a most efficient way. Therefore, it can be inferred from process modelling that it helps understand the structure and dynamics at play of every organisational area and spot current problems and potential workarounds besides assuring that engineers and users have a common understanding of the organisation's inner workings.
A process model may comprise one of more diagrams, with each diagram containing its distinct set of objects and information about their behaviour and interaction with otehr objects. Modellilng a process usually involves illustrations using icons and their relationships with other icons and entities. These icons and the symbols used for signalling their behaviour aren't created at random; but, rather, they are usually adapted from a standardised notation. Among the many advantages of using a standard for process modelling we can cite the use of a convention for universal understanding of the process components, consistency in use and meaning of the model and the possibility for portability of the business process diagram between different tools. It's important to notice that the standards for process modelling aren't applicable in different areas, there being specific modelling languages for established areas. Some of the languages include BPMN (business process model and notation), flowcharts, UML (unified modelling language), ARIS, IDEF (integrated definition language) etc.
BPMN (business process model and notation).
The primary goal of BPMN is to provide a notation easy to be understood by all stakeholders, including business users, developers and personel who will overlook and manage the processes. This standard looks to bridge the business process analysis and the process implementation. Thus it can be said that the main objective of BPMN is to propose a simplified means of communicating information among all involved in a business process. It bears mentioning that there are three basic types of modelling in a BPMN framework:
private/internal processes - also known as workflow or BPM processes. Modelling within a private view means that all information flow will be contained within a single lane.
public/ abstract - a visual representation of a private business process and another process or participant (remember that in BPMN a participant is also a pool). A public process differs from its private counterpart in that it throws into the mix external communication and control flow mechanisms to other participants. Other processes don't show here. Its main concern is to show to the external world the messages exchanged with another process or entity.
collaboration/global- full display of all teh possible interactions between two or more entities. The whole string of activities can be viewed here, including the messages exchanged back and forth among the participants. This model can hold one or more processes. In a collaboration process model, each participant is identified by a pool (as in a swiming pool) and the information flow can't cross over to the neighbouring swimlane. The communication between different pools is accomplished by messages carried over by association lines.
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